Cusco

Aerial view of historic Plaza de Armas in Cusco, Peru with scenic mountains.
Dulce Panebra, Pexels

Cusco, the historic capital of the Inca Empire nestled in the Peruvian Andes, is a multifaceted destination that seamlessly blends ancient Incan heritage with Spanish colonial influences. It serves as a vital gateway to iconic sites like Machu Picchu and the Sacred Valley, while also offering a rich cultural experience and a thriving gastronomic scene in its own right.

The social heart of Cusco revolves around the Plaza de Armas and its surrounding areas, which are bustling with numerous bars, clubs, and restaurants that cater to a variety of preferences. For those seeking a more bohemian atmosphere, the San Blas neighborhood offers a relaxed setting with its art galleries, artisan cafes, and vibrant street life. Additionally, many hostels, such as Wild Rover and Loki Hostel, are popular hubs for backpackers and host lively parties most nights of the week.

Top 7 Things to do in Cusco

Cusco offers a diverse range of experiences, from exploring ancient Incan archaeological sites and vibrant local markets to embarking on breathtaking high-altitude treks in the Andes.

1. Machu Picchu Excursion

A visit to Machu Picchu, one of the New Seven Wonders of the World, is a highlight for most travelers to Cusco. This ancient Inca citadel, hidden amidst lush peaks, offers a unique opportunity to explore intricate stone structures and terraced hills built by the Inca civilization. To fully appreciate its grandeur, consider hiring a local guide at the site. Early morning visits are recommended to avoid larger crowds and experience the site in different lighting conditions.

Cost: The cost varies significantly. For tours, options range from approximately $149 for a one-day group tour by train to over $800 for a multi-day trek like the Inca Trail . Train tickets from Ollantaytambo to Aguas Calientes typically range from $140 to $190 roundtrip . The bus from Aguas Calientes to Machu Picchu costs around $50 roundtrip . A private guide at Machu Picchu can be around S/150 (approximately $41 USD) . Budget travelers can opt for the alternative route via Hidroeléctrica, involving a minivan ride (around $20 USD one way) and a 10 km hike to Aguas Calientes .

Transport: Most commonly, visitors take a train from Ollantaytambo (in the Sacred Valley) or Poroy (near Cusco) to Aguas Calientes, the town at the base of Machu Picchu. From Aguas Calientes, buses transport visitors up to the citadel. Many tours include round-trip transportation from Cusco. For those preferring an adventurous route, multi-day treks like the Inca Trail or Salkantay Trek begin from specific trailheads, typically with transport arranged by tour operators from Cusco.

2. Explore Cusco City Center: Plaza de Armas, Cusco Cathedral, and Qorikancha

Wandering through Cusco's historic city center allows for a deep dive into its unique blend of Inca and Spanish colonial history. The Plaza de Armas, the city's main square, is a bustling hub surrounded by impressive colonial architecture. The Cusco Cathedral, situated on the east side of the Plaza, is a magnificent example of Spanish colonial religious architecture built on Inca foundations. Qorikancha, also known as the Temple of the Sun, was the most important temple in the Inca Empire and later became the foundation for the Santo Domingo Convent. Its precise Inca stonework can still be seen fused with colonial structures.

Cost: Access to Plaza de Armas is free. Entrance to the Cusco Cathedral and Qorikancha usually requires a ticket; these sites are often included in the Cusco Tourist Ticket (Boleto Turístico) or half-day city tours. The Cusco Tourist Ticket (Circuit 1, including various city ruins) costs 70 soles (approximately $20 USD) or the full ticket for 130 soles (approximately $34-40 USD) covering multiple sites over 10 days. A City Tour Cusco, typically lasting half a day, can range from $30 to $60 USD and includes these sites along with nearby ruins.

Transport: All these locations are within comfortable walking distance of each other in the historic center of Cusco.

3. Visit Sacsayhuaman and Nearby Inca Ruins

Just outside Cusco, the massive Inca fortress of Sacsayhuaman showcases incredible Inca engineering with its colossal stone walls. From this archaeological site, you can enjoy panoramic views of Cusco valley. Nearby ruins such as Qenqo, Pucapucara, and Tambomachay offer further insights into Inca and pre-Inca hydraulic and urban engineering. This area provides a great half-day excursion to appreciate ancient Incan stonework and historical significance.

Cost: Entrance is typically via the Cusco Tourist Ticket (Boleto Turístico). Sacsayhuaman is part of Circuit 1, which costs 70 soles (approximately $20 USD) and also includes Qenqo, Pucapucara, and Tambomachay. The full 10-day tourist ticket for all 16 sites is 130 soles (approximately $34-40 USD). Many half-day 'City Tours' from Cusco include transport and entry to these sites, with prices generally ranging from $30 to $60.

Transport: Sacsayhuaman is about a 10-minute drive or a 45-minute uphill walk from Cusco's main square. Taxis are readily available for a short ride. Many visitors opt for a guided 'City Tour' which includes transportation to these sites.

4. Day Trip to the Sacred Valley of the Incas

The Sacred Valley, nestled between Cusco and Machu Picchu, is rich in Inca ruins, traditional towns, and stunning landscapes. Popular stops include Pisac, known for its vibrant market and agricultural terraces; Ollantaytambo, an impressive Inca fortress and living town; Moray, with its unique circular agricultural terraces; and the Maras Salt Mines, an intricate system of salt pans. This excursion provides a deeper understanding of Inca civilization and Andean culture.

Cost: Most sites in the Sacred Valley are covered by the Cusco Tourist Ticket (Boleto Turístico), often Circuit 3. Full-day tours to the Sacred Valley typically cost from $28 to $180, depending on whether it's a group or private tour and what's included.

Transport: Tours typically include round-trip transportation from Cusco. For independent travel, shared vans (colectivos) depart from Pavitos Street in Cusco to towns like Urubamba or Ollantaytambo, costing around 10-15 soles (approximately $3-5 USD) per person for a 1.5-hour journey. Private taxis offer a more comfortable, direct service for about 120-150 soles (approximately $30-40 USD) one way.

5. Hike to Rainbow Mountain (Vinicunca)

The Rainbow Mountain, also known as Vinicunca, is a geological marvel featuring striking multi-colored stripes. Located at over 5,000 meters (16,400 feet) above sea level, this full-day trip from Cusco involves a challenging yet rewarding hike through high-altitude Andean landscapes. The vibrant hues of the mountain, revealed by melting ice caps, offer a truly unique and memorable visual experience. It is important to acclimatize to Cusco's altitude before attempting this hike.

Cost: Group tours typically range from $22 to $50 per person, often including transportation, a guide, breakfast, and lunch. There may be a separate entrance fee for the mountain itself (not always included in tour price). Private tours can cost upwards of $175.

Transport: Tour operators provide early morning pickups from hotels/hostels in Cusco, with a drive of about 3-4 hours to the trailhead near Cusipata or Fulawasipata. The hike itself takes a few hours round trip.

6. Hike to Humantay Lake

Humantay Lake is a stunning turquoise glacial lake nestled beneath snow-capped peaks at 4,200 meters (13,779 feet) above sea level. This full-day excursion from Cusco offers breathtaking natural beauty and a moderate to challenging hike. The vivid blue waters against the dramatic mountain backdrop provide excellent photographic opportunities and a serene natural escape. Similar to Rainbow Mountain, prior acclimatization in Cusco is crucial.

Cost: Group tours to Humantay Lake generally cost between $23 and $98 per person, covering transportation, a guide, entrance fees, breakfast, and lunch. Private tours are available starting around $180.

Transport: Tours include round-trip transportation from Cusco, with early morning hotel pickups. The drive to the trailhead in Soraypampa typically takes 3.5-4 hours. The hike to the lake usually takes 1.5-2 hours each way.

7. Immerse in Local Life at San Pedro Market

San Pedro Market is Cusco's largest and most traditional market, offering a vibrant sensory experience. Here, you can find everything from fresh produce, meats, and local cheeses to medicinal herbs, textiles, and souvenirs. It's a fantastic place to observe daily Peruvian life, try fresh juices, and sample affordable local dishes in the food court section. Mornings are particularly lively with local shoppers.

Cost: Entrance to the market is free. Costs will depend on purchases of food, drinks, or souvenirs.

Transport: The market is conveniently located about an 8-10 minute walk southwest of the Plaza de Armas. While taxis are available, walking allows for a more immersive experience of Cusco's streets.

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